Those are all excellent questions!

I have not experimented with this because it's very difficult! The best way to test one trap is with an impedance tube, which you'll find in an acoustics lab. And that's expensive. Otherwise, the only way to know is to build a bunch of traps and see what happens to the response and ringing when you measure a room. There may be a direct way to measure the center frequency and Q of one trap, but I'm not aware of how. A friend of mine suggested using a laser pointer bounced off the front surface. He's actually going to try that on some wood panel traps I made years ago. If he's successful I'll let you know.
The traps I made years ago addresses your other question. As an experiment my partner and I made four traps that we hoped would peak around 50 or 60 Hz. These are the traps my friend will try to measure with a laser. I think we used 1/2 inch plywood, and the box is 2 feet wide by 7-1/2 feet high. One problem is heavy plywood is stiff, and might not vibrate freely enough when only two feet wide.
RPG uses MLV (or something that looks similar) for their Modex Corner traps. In theory that could be better than wood because it won't be affected by the edges being attached to the frame. That is, when a wood panel is secured to the frame, the edges can't vibrate at all. Versus MLV that can vibrate right up to the edges. I hope I'm saying this clearly enough.

Finally, you can place rigid fiberglass in front of a membrane, but it shouldn't touch the membrane. I posted photos of that in my studio just yesterday:
http://forums.musicplayer.com/ubbthreads.php/topics/2119361/Build_a_Better_Bass_Trap--Ethan